Financial management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Monetary administration - Term Paper Example By worldwide measures, this without a doubt was an exceptional development. The monetary records of business banks displayed fast increment during the whole eighties decade however began giving indications of easing back down in the principal half of nineties as premium contrasts would in general tighten and banks began relying increasingly more upon charges as their essential wellspring of pay. There was another indication of consistent increment in the size of the worldwide monetary superstructure and that was a stamped increment in the volume of protections remarkable (predominantly as securities and currency advertise papers) in the absolute quantum of budgetary cases while there was a practically equal decrease in stores and credits. Nonetheless, what all investigators and monetary specialists favored at that point to choose not to see was the expanded phantom of huge measures of awful obligations. Things were additionally convoluted by the way that while family unit division ac counting reports began showing an expansion in the two resources and liabilities, there was a stamped decrease in stores inside gross family resources and a practically similar increment in net money related riches as protections. (Blommestein 1996) This was perhaps an immediate branch of the noteworthy imaginativeness that was seen in the budgetary markets during this decade when one was overpowered by the unexpected spray in subsidiaries markets and appearance of business papers in a major manner. For all intents and purposes all types of guidelines and limitations that were viewed as fundamental for keeping up solidness in universal money related markets were given a pass by as practically all OECD nations canceled trade controls. The financial area additionally disposed of practically all structures loan fee controls and powers over credit development. The capitals advertises additionally saw expulsion of powers over expenses and commissions. In certain nations, the current

Cover Letter--Investment Analyst-- DT Capital Advisory Essay

Introductory Letter- - Investment Analyst- - DT Capital Advisory - Essay Example Single man of Commerce program has been tremendously useful for my expert profession. This program has concentrated on various regions and parts of business, for example, money, bookkeeping, the board, human asset the board, financial matters and other imperative regions of business examines. This degree has unquestionably improved my insight identified with business and overseeing business. I am doing twofold specialization in Finance and Economics and Management. Accordingly by having twofold specialization, I will have information identified with Finance, Investment, Economics, and Financial undertakings and other fund related subjects and simultaneously I will examine courses, for example, the board, human asset the board, and others. As I have just worked in various organizations, in this manner, these encounters have helped me in thinking about reasonableness of various business and account ideas. I was filling in as a Credit colleague at China Minsheng Banking Corporation. This activity permitted me to do to explore and assess the profile of clients and afterward suggest their credit limit. I have additionally worked and given credit examination reports of 6 undertakings to the Risk Management Executive Committee inside requesting courses of events. I have additionally worked at Guangdong Zhongnuo Wealth Capital Management Corporation as Management Associate. At this association, I have worked with various divisions of the organization including human asset, capital market, and advertising, and this helped me to find out about various viewpoints and spaces of business. On account of my attributes and execution, I was allocated the duties of group pioneer for directing concentrated publicizing effort. Every one of these encounters have helped me in have a superior comprehension of how organizations work and the significance of various divisions at the working environment. Later on, I need to be a budgetary expert or need to work in a business house where I

Big Data

Big Data Big Data. It’s a term on the lips of seemingly every industry pundit and in the headlines of every social media feed. Far from the latest trend, Big Data is a new reality for firms in every industry (and even non-profit organizations and government agencies), fundamentally transforming the way they do business.Forward thinking firms have integrated Big Data in strategic planning and invested in the work force and financial resources necessary to leverage it in marketing, sales, manufacturing, supply chain management.Business college and graduate degree programs increasingly emphasize data analysis; and firms are eagerly snapping up talent. But what, exactly, is it and why, if you are an entrepreneur or executive, should it be on your mind? © Shutterstock.com | T. L. FurrerIn this article we will 1) define exactly what is meant by the term Big Data; 2) explore the origins the uses of Big Data, 4) discuss the benefits of using Big Data; 5) explore the sources of Big Data; 6) provide an overview of the management of Big Data; and 7) cover a case study of a business using Big Data to achieve a strategic business objective.WHAT IS BIG DATA?Big Data is a term that refers to the data gathered by businesses and organizations, stored digitally. It is data that is too big for standard database processing systems, and varies greatly in type. It can include anything from social media mentions to keywords and hashtags to manufacturing equipment logs to digital images. In short, it is any data that is, and that can be, aggregated and digitized for commercial use. It not only includes data captured and aggregated online, but also data from internal processes and external events, as well as acquired from third parties. Technology re search firm IDC estimates that Big Data grows at a rate of 50 percent a year. Big Data is often described in terms of the three Vs: volume, velocity, and variety. VolumeVolume, in sum, refers to the size and scale of the data at hand, though conversations about volume usually concern database storage and access solutions. Modeling data with more variables rather than fewer should lead to more accurate and complete insights. However, one must determine the best storage solutions that allow for security, ease of  maintenance, standardization, and easy access by end users. Think about it: how exactly would you develop implement a system with potentially 200 different inputted file types and allow users to run queries and conduct analyses? Luckily, there are many software solutions on the market that have answered this question for you, such as Hadoop and Greenplum. However, every solution has its own limitations, and ultimately, a determination must be made, based on availability of IT and financial resources, how data storage and access will be handled.VelocityVelocity refers to the speed with which data is automatically fed back into the database. Depending on the number of data sources and the speed with which new data is generated/aggregated and fed back into the firms database, velocity necessitates some planning and investment. High frequency trading is an example of the use of sophisticated high velocity Big Data management tools: these trading systems take data from capital markets in increments of a fraction of a second. Proprietary software automatically mathematically models this data to process, execute, and settle trades, just as quickly. Institutional investors can trade millions of times a day, in hundreds or thousands of positions representing hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars.VarietyThe third V is variety and represents not only different underlying data types, but also differing delivery types. Different browsers and databases, wi th differing packaging protocols can easily complicate your ability to standardize and analyze your data. When you standardize it, invariably some of the data must be discarded. However, Big Data, by definition is messy, coming from a variety of sources at different times, and in different formats. We prefer data to be clean and tidy, but humans are by nature not; otherwise complex mathematical models would not be needed to predict behavior. While, inevitably, data must be reduced to numbers, according to some relevant rubric(s) for modeling, in case those numbers do not tell the whole story, best practices call for all data to be preserved.Fortunately, advances in machine learning have increased the complexity of data a computer can process and the speed at which it can do so. Further, the more Big Data is parsed, the more people can refine the algorithms that power machine learning. In other words, the more Big Data grows over time, the better machines can process it, without the need for discarding non-standard elements.In addition to the traditional three Vs, some industry pundits have added a fourth V, veracity.VeracityData managers and scientists must also be concerned with the veracity of the data they capture. The inability to capture correct data, or quickly correct or purge incorrect data, can seriously affect market research, financial forecasting, optimization efforts, and other attempts to harness Big Data.But beyond data that is flat out incorrect, through inaccurate aggregating methods, data corruption, or human error, veracity refers to a data scientist’s ability to use the data to make predictions with a particular degree of certainty. In statistics, modeling is done within certain confidence levels, that taken into account estimates of how the effects of variation (uncertainty) on the model. If the variables in a particular model have considerable variation, then the amount of uncertainty will increase. Data scientists must take great pains to minimize the uncertainty in their models (through careful gathering of data, selection of datasets, and exploration of relevant variables) to ensure that the actionable insights they present to their boss’ are in fact, reflective of reality. What complicates this further is the real-time nature of the data: the velocity of Big Data. © Flickr | Olivier Carré-DelisleTHE ORIGINS USES OF BIG DATABig Data is a phenomenon whose roots are firmly grounded in the Digital Era. Firms have not only built online tools to capture significant amounts of consumer information, they have begun to incorporate digital technologies in everything from managing internal timekeeping to optimizing manufacturing to refining supply chain management.Big Data is most often used to predict patterns in consumer behavior and/or gain product insights. The ability to aggregate data from a variety of sources in real-time, and use sophisticated analytical tools like SAS (an industry-standard statistical software package), to standardize and analyze data has greatly reduced firm costs and capabilities to do market research, and account for continuous change in the market space.These new capacities have allowed for mass customization of traditional products and even allowed for the creation of new products, services, and revenue-driving features. For example, the recommendation engine, a software application that uses predictive analytics (analysis of key data that predicts a users behavior and preferences) has allowed Amazon and Netflix to suggest products they are likely to purchase with a considerable degree of accuracy, allowing them to upsell effectively.THE BENEFITS OF USING BIG DATABy collecting and aggregating Big Data, data scientists can use it to create mathematical models to refine offline and online marketing strategies (including targeting and pricing); obtain product insights, optimize their supply chain management and distribution strategies; create financial forecasts; and more. Implementing insights gained from Big Data can be a source of competitive advantage.Big Data, Small World: Kirk Borne at TEDxGeorgeMasonU SOURCES OF BIG DATAReams of Big Data are aggregated on the back-end of websites and mobile apps, and are available for firms to use. Big Data is also captured digitally through the proliferation a nd integration of digital technologies in traditionally non-digital processes. For example, manufacturers may add digital sensors to assembly arms, which measure how effective work is performed at varying speeds, with minimal defects and minimal increases in wear and tear. This can help them determine the right speed for optimal production. Big Data can include publicly available information. For example, Google Maps allows web developers to develop APIs that can aggregate and manipulate their satellite data in real-time; this could be a source of Big Data. Big Data can include digital photos, video, and music created by individuals and published online; weather reports; online purchases; Tweets; email lists acquired from direct marketing list brokers; mileage logs from a firm’s delivery trucks, and more.MANAGING BIG DATAManaging Big Data is a difficult task, even for the most forward thinking and cash-rich firm. For one, data is always changing. That demographic data you scrapped from one of many customer Facebook pages can change with a keystroke. Ensuring the integrity of the data you capture, both through continuous data mining and processes design to minimize data-related human error are critical. The determination of what data to capture is also key. Choosing to capture everything creates data storage issues, and can contribute to faulty decision-making.AnalysisData managers must be able to pare volumes of data down into actionable insights. Decision makers at the executive level do not have time to be guided through the finer points of how a data scientist has arrived at their conclusion. They need to know the story the data is telling. And that starts with asking the right question.What is the right question or questions? In part, it depends on the strategic business objective, and at least, initially, a series of open-ended questions. For example, a drink manufacturer looking to launch a new soft drink may ask what soft drink are customers most like ly to buy. They might then look at what the data tells them about their average customer and what makes them by, and/or what other soft drinks their average customer buys. But when you are aggregating data about everything from the typical consumer’s daily routine (from location-based social networks like Foursquare); to websites visited (through cookies); to responses to email marketing messages; to social media messages, the task can become daunting indeed. Data analysis must proceed from initial question to determination of relevant variables and datasets to hypothesis formulation and testing to conclusion.IT SystemsThere are many available IT systems on the market, and with the right IT personnel, homegrown or customized versions of out-of-the-box systems. There are also cloud-based and SaaS systems readily available for firms of every size: from the sole proprietor to the multinational corporation.At its root, whether it is stored in-house or outsourced, harnessing Big Data r equires hardware and software for data storage and management. Server and network administrators are needed to maintain the hardware; database administrators are needed to manage how data is stored in, and accessed from, the database; and data scientists are needed to analyze and interpret the data.PersonnelDo you have the expertise to manage Big Data in-house? Most firms don’t. Is it worth investing in the personnel/training and technology infrastructure to manage it in-house? This depends on a number of factors. This can be an expensive proposition in terms of initial set up (hiring, IT planning and deployments) and ongoing associated expenses. Nevertheless, this may be worth it if your firm’s near future and long-term strategic objectives depend on your ability to leverage Big Data. For example, a local bicycle retailer whose current marketing plans initiatives include events-based marketing and online interest communities targeting cyclists, and plans in the near-future to s hift its core business product offerings fitness-based wearable technology it is developing to cyclists, might want to invest in the personnel and IT infrastructure to ensure that all data is integrated and properly analyzed.This same bicycle firm could outsource the data warehousing, integration and analysis. However, there are several trade-offs to this approach. One, the firm, which is essentially becoming a technology firm, will lack, in-house, a key core competency needed to compete, as they have outsourced it. This may hinder their ability to, and the rapidity with which they can, make strategic decisions. In-house staff members, who understand the business from the frontlines, and from a data analysis perspective can develop actionable, innovative insights of a quality, and at a rate, that the outside firm, likely cannot match. Another trade-off is that you will only be as good as your data firm, and if you lack even the understanding to properly evaluate your data needs, you may very well pick a data management firm that is a poor fit.Privacy and securityPrivacy and security are key concerns. In the vast majority of countries, you are expected, by law, to reasonably protect the confidentiality and security of user data, and must immediately inform consumers if there has been a security breach. Further, you are liable for damages in full or in part to compensate your consumers for any harm they have suffered as a result of the breach.Another aspect of privacy involves the use of data. Many marketers have gotten a bad rap since the beginning of the Digital Age for using consumer information to create intrusive marketing messages (e.g. spam emails). You can undercut the efforts you put into managing Big Data if your usage turns off consumers. Governments have stepped in, and have in many countries enacted privacy laws that define what you can and cannot do with consumer data.Susan Etlinger: What do we do with all this big data? CASE STUDY OF BIG DATA USAG EOne of the most well-known users of Big Data is Wal-Mart. Indeed, Big Data is integral to Wal-Mart’s operation. The retailer uses real-time inventory information to rapidly replace its goods and services. It rids itself of excess inventory through a pricing strategy known as everyday Low pricing, which allows them to deeply discount it, in accordance with its real-time inventory. It is also able to leverage store-wide pricing data, inventory data, and financial forecasts to ensure that even it is not taking a net profit loss on a daily basis due to the discounts. It can do this by optimizing how much it purchases from a variety of suppliers, again, in real-time. For example, if a Wal-Mart store is overstocked with toothbrushes from a particular supplier, but running out of more expensive toothbrushes from another supplier, they might deeply discount the overstocked items and order more from the more expensive supplier. If this does not mitigate the loss on the first set of toothb rushes, Wal-Mart can review at a complementary good or an entirely different category where they can increase revenue by strategically ordering more inventory, and marking up or down the prices, to ensure profitability.Due to its popularity, supply vendors clamor to be stocked on Wal-Mart’s shelves. Because of this, Wal-Mart can influence how much it pays wholesalers for their goods.Wal-Mart has been leveraging Big Data since 1975 to aggregate and collect inventory and supply chain-related data. By 1989, they had reduced their distribution costs to less than half of Kmart’s costs and under a third of Sears’s costs, providing it with a considerable strategic advantage. Today, they are widely recognized for their profitability, low internal costs, low prices, and popularity.Intel Big Data 101: How Big Data Makes Big Impacts

Stem Cell Research And Cures - 1703 Words

Name Professor Class Date Stem cell research and cures Stems cells are cells that have the ability to differentiate into specific ones. They divide through mitosis and can only be found in organisms that are multicellular. Mammals have two types off stem cells: embryonic stem cells which are obtained from the internal cell mass of blastocysts and adult stem cells which are located in different tissues. In adult organisms, progenitor cells and stem cells function as the repair system of the body which regenerates into fully grown tissues. Due to the ability of stems cells to regenerate and replenish other cells, they can be used in stem cell research and cure (Lim, 2006). There are three sources of adult cells in humans: bone marrow whereby extraction is done by drilling into the bone mainly the femur followed by harvesting of the bone marrow, adipose tissue where extraction is done by a process called liposuction. Lastly is blood can also provide stem cells and the extraction is done through apheresis where b lood is drawn from a donor and passed through a machine which extracts only the stem cells and returns other blood components to the donor (Marzilli, 2007). Stem cells can cure diseases because they possess two important features which the other cells of the body lack. In some cases regeneration happens after a long time when they are inactive state. When such cells are exposed to some certain experimental conditions, they can be induced to become organ-specificShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research: The Final Cure Essay2028 Words   |  9 PagesStem Cell Research – The Final Cure What kind of research sparks a battle between religious-ethics, political, and scientific theories and beliefs? What makes you question right or wrong, moral or immoral, good or bad? The answer is stem cell research. So what is a stem cell? â€Å"Stem cells†¦ are in effect, a human self-repair kit.† (Christopher Reeve, activist Larry King, CNN) Stem cells are cells that exist in an undifferentiated state, and can transform into any of the 220 types of cells thatRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Be Used For Cure Diseases1065 Words   |  5 PagesWith all of the abortions that are happening around stem cells are just going to waste, Don’t you think they should be put to good use with helping cure illnesses that we face in everyday life? And this is the problem; stem cell research should be used to help cure diseases. Well there are many people that think using stem cell research will, and would requir e killing fertilized eggs that are removed from a person’s ovaries.Read MoreEssay Finding a Cure: Stem Cell Research1321 Words   |  6 PagesSince cancer is such an immense deal, and a lot of people are dying from it, then let’s find a cure for it (Dennis). Fortunately, for my dad we were able to find a cure. On July 3 2007, my father’s doctor came to our house at five o’clock in the morning, to give us the devastating news about my dad; he has multiple myeloma. This is a painful cancer, where the abnormal cells are over taking, the plasma cells, in the bone marrow. My parents walked into my room, woke my sister, and I up, and spoke toRead MoreStem Cell Research : The Medical Field For Future Studies And Cures Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesare made up of cells; without them, our bodies would not be able to thrive, let alone be created. Our bones, muscles, organs, tissues and skin are all composed of specialized cells that code for the type of cell they are assigned to be. Many body cells, for example, a liver cell, can reproduce many new cells; but the cells reproduced are only capable of being created as a liver cell. This example is a major reason why researchers are so interested in stem cell research. Stem cells are not specializedRead MoreFinding a Cure through Regenerative Medicine: Government-Funded Embryonic Stem Cell Research1582 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath.† In 2001 President George W. Bush banned the further funding of embryonic stem cell research. Why? Some feel that embryonic stem cell research encouraged abortion, and that by banning the federal funding for embryonic stem cell research it would lessen the rates of abortion. However, just recently President Barack Obama has reversed that law and thereby allowing federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. According to the CDC, Center of Disease Control, one in five-hundred people willRead MoreFor years, scientists have been using stem cells to help cure diseases and research different1000 Words   |  4 Pagesusing stem cells to help cure diseases and research different illnesses that come from deformed cells. In recent years, however, a debate has risen over where we should get these stem cells from. Because of the way stem cells are helping sick individuals and furthering research, the use of stem cells shouldn’t be stopped. The sources from which stem cells are acquired, however, should be limited. While acquiring adult stem cells is completely safe and productive, using embryonic stem cells is unethicalRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 PagesResearchers are constantly looking for ways to cure and treat all kinds of diseases, so why are there limits being put on the kinds of treatments that can be used to treat or cure a disease? Embr yonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are peopleRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe stem cell controversy has been going on for many years. The two basic controversies surrounding stem cell research is whether or not it is morally justifiable, and if stem cells will ever live up to the medical promises. Most of these controversies concern embryonic stem cells more than any other stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized, but have the ability to divide and make specialized cells like muscles, nerves, and skin cells. These cells are found in the early stage of human developmentRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed1170 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurs. Currently, a cure does not exist for Batten Disease, and without surgery, Jaylen is expected to die before he is 16 years old. The hope of a cure for Jaylen comes through an experimental surgery with the use of stem cells. Many people think stem cell research should not be allowed, due to the fact that researchers mostly use stem cells from embryos. But, if an eight year old boy’s life can be extended or even saved through the stem cell surgery, the research using stem cells should continueRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On Society909 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are  unspecialized  cell that can both reproduce itself indefinitely and, under  proper  conditions, differentiate into specialized cells of one or more types.  (Reece, Jane B., and Lisa A.  Urry, 2011.) The term â€Å"stem cells† were first seen in scientific literature in 1868, a German biologist Ernst Haeckel used this term to describe the fertilized egg that becomes an organism. On February 2, 1963 the firs piece of evidence of blood stem cells  seem, Ernest McCulloch and James Till conducted

Inter Team Conflicts And Interpersonal Conflicts - 1306 Words

When a group of people is brought together to form a team it is inevitable that some type of conflict will arise. Every member of a team has value and each one must understand that a team without conflict is necessary to accomplish the goal at hand (Mosley, 2005). There are multiple things that can lead to conflicts and leaders must recognize these to have an effective team. As a result of this, the leader must take into account everyone’s background and experience level as the team is formed. This paper will discuss the inter-team conflicts, interpersonal conflicts, why policies are created and ways a leader can prevent conflicts from happening. Inter-team Conflict Conflict in teams can have an adverse effect on a team’s performance. As a leader, it is imperative to manage conflict and handle matters before they become unmanageable. Assessing and managing inter-team conflicts before they arise is critical when stopping conflicts (Hoegl, Weinkauf Gemuenden, 2004). When conflict occurs, the trigger or event could be very minor and seem insignificant at the time. However, if the conflict is not resolved quickly, it could build up over time, creating a snowball effect. After this happens, it’s a matter of time before the conflict reaches a tipping point and emotions flare up. Conflict can result from a variety of events or situations. These could arise as a result of misinformation, a misunderstanding between team members, or a lack of clear and conciseShow MoreRelatedThere Is A Lot Of Misperceptions About Teams And Teamwork1018 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a lot of misperceptions about teams and teamwork and the behaviors associated with different leadership styles. Most teams encounter some dangers ranging from inter-team conflict to interpersonal policies. Most individuals become relationally involved and seek a balance as without losing a personal identity. Because teams are so relevant to the member’s status, respect and acceptance play a vital part in team development. Members often experience team discontinuity where people behave moreRead MoreOrganizational Conflict : An Emerging Lifestyle That Is Inevitable And A Common Sight1417 Words   |  6 PagesOrganisational conflict is an emerging lifestyle that is inevitable and a common sight attributable to the matrix structure adopted by many organisation as well as the present era of globalisation. Mary Parker Follett (1925) interprets conflict as a mere contradiction in interest and opinions between personnel inclusive of employees, employers and managers. However, Bisno (1988) and Coser (1968) elucidate conflict as â€Å"A process of social interaction involving a struggle over claims to resources,Read MoreTruly, In The United States Many Teams Building Company1042 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States many teams building company offer training to enhance work environment and performance. After, I reviewed many excellent team building businesses, I selected, The Corporate Teams. This company provides team building retreats and explorations to managers and teams. The Corporate Team’s purpose is to increase a higher level of job’s performance and leadership. The Corporate Teams combines a person’s mind, enthusiasm and skills, this way, employees grow trust and team commitment. In factRead MoreWhen Studying Organizational Management This Semester I Found Discussion On Organizational Conflict And Its Effect On An Organization921 Words   |  4 PagesI found the discussion on organizational conflict to be the most compelling. Our analysis not only gave me understanding on how d estructive team conflict is present in organizations, but also in any teamwork setting. Conflict is often a recurring problem for organizations, so it is vital for leaders to understand how to regulate it. Whether we were studying organizational change, devolvement, or leadership what was common to all was the presence of conflict and its effect on an organization. CompletingRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour2950 Words   |  12 Pagesscenario obviously can be seen during ramp up. There is sometimes in a year, necessity to increase the production output creates new environment and new requirement of job specifications. In some scenarios, the change in organization creates stress and conflicts. 4. Low trust ïÆ'Ëœ When people don’t believe that they or the company can competently manage the change there is likely to be resistance. The history of past changes that have brought negative result to the employees such as restructure of reportingRead MoreTeams and Team Processes: Group Dynamics Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Teams are often depicted as a group of people sharing leadership of and working together on a specific project, whereas a group (but not a team) consists of individuals who work independently and are led by a strong, focused individual (Erofeev, Glazer, Ivanitskaya, 2009). In the health care organization, it is important to have a group of people working together as a well a team. Each person individually need to fully understand what his or her role is in a group or team, if not thereRead MoreDescription And Description Of My Roommate Essay935 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing day he came over to apologize and we have never heard from him again after that. The atmosphere around the place had remained much more positive and clean throughout the remainder of the semester. Part B: Analysis The outcome for this conflict was not the way we wished it had to be but it was for the best. Not only did the house stay clean but we all started helping each other out. We would look out for one another and didn’t have loud parties five nights a week anymore. With that beingRead MoreHow Personality Can Affect The Performance Of Teams1395 Words   |  6 Pagescan affect the performance of teams. This essay will also explore various theories relevant to personalities and will assess how different personalities can be beneficial in increasing team performance as well as any disadvantages. This essay will also explore how personality can affect the inter-personal relationship between team members. Personality can influence team performance in both a positive and negative way, Company X s understanding of personalities in teams will help them comprehend theRead MoreMulticultural Teams1342 Words   |  6 PagesOF MULTICULTURAL TEAMS The increasing number of multinational companies, the expand global market place and the diversity of the customers across cultures require new points of view. More and more companies use multicultural teams to develop new products or business solutions. Multicultural teams are task oriented groups of people from different cultures. Well managed multicultural teams thanks to the different point of views of their team members can superior national teams in the number of possibleRead MorePlanning Of A Project, Inc. ( Pcb ) Essay753 Words   |  4 Pagesand thorough. Work Breakdown Structure The work breakdown structure (WBS), even for the project of PCB, should allow for the leadership team to view an evaluate the the plan with ease. Objectives are organized under categories that allow for specific tasks to be broken into sub-tasks, processes, or other levels of detail, making it uncomplicated for team members to identify time and resources needed (CSU-Global, 2013). To ensure that no steps are missing, a WBS is outlined from the start of the

Emotion and Thu Interdependence Free Essays

Sociology: Marriages and Families Final Term Paper Due: April 28, 2011 THU Interdependence and Relationships Chapter Five When you look back at your relationships in the past and when you look at the way you were when you were in those relationships, were you the same? Or did you see yourself change? When someone is in a relationship, I believe, they become different than who they really are. Being in love has such a strong influence on the people, sometimes they get lost. I believe that the strength that an individual has, to not lose sight of himself or herself while in love, describes the interdependence of those partners. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotion and Thu Interdependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Interdependence has a lot of connection with relationships. Therapist John Crosby (text pg 112), talks about the different styles of relationships and how the individuals’ interdependence connects with that style. He distinguished three different types of relationships. First, the A-frame relationship is described as a relationship where the partners have very little independence but a strong identity through the relationship. The individuals in this type of relationship have too much interdependence, and if one grows out the other one will end up falling. The second style is the H-frame relationship. This is when the partners have little or no interdependence. The partners in this type of relationship aren’t emotionally connected with each other and can stand by themselves. Lastly, the M-frame relationship. Crosby describes this relationship style as having the best interdependency. The partners both have individuality yet they bring that support and influence to the other partner. Lehmiller also talks about interdependence and relationships. His article Secret Romantic Relationships talked about his research on how secrecy of a relationship can be harmful and how that affects the interdependency of that individual. Lehmiller states that secrecy of a relationship shows the individual’s low self-esteem and it promotes health risks. I believe a secret relationship has the interdependency like the A-frame relationship that Crosby had talked about. The partners keep the relationship a secret however they can’t seem to let go of the relationship even though secrecy is a harmful health risk. I believe this happens because they rely on each other so much that they lose themselves individually so all they can do is keep that relationship. Another author, Adams, the author of Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relationships, talks about his investigation and what he discovered was that interdependence was linked to the closeness of romantic relationships. He states that no matter what gender you are, the interdependency of an individual is linked to their relationships. Although these three authors talk about interdependence and how it connects with relationships, their views are slightly different as well. Lehmiller describes that interdependency has a lot to do with the certain situation that the partners are in, such as secrecy. Adams talks about how interdependence is influenced by age, the individuals’ social lives, and many more. Lastly, Crosby focuses on how the interdependency influences the different styles of relationships. After reading and comparing the articles, it made me think about how I am influenced and how much I influence my partner when in a relationship. Personally, I liked reading how secrecy of a relationship can be harmful because it was something new. I have never imagined myself having to hide a relationship yet still be together with that partner. It made me think about how relationships really affect people’s emotions and minds. I realized, after reading these articles, that I should be more independent and stronger for myself before I start having a relationship. I don’t want to see myself depending on a relationship and losing my identity. Love is so strong, that you can lose your individuality, yet people always want to be in love or be loved. How to cite Emotion and Thu Interdependence, Papers

Integration of Distributed Enterprise †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Integration of Distributed Enterprise. Answer: Introduction: The company AE Kalina Cycle (AKC) is the company whose main function is to produce the electricity from the waste heat. According to the case study, the main material required by the company for its production are the waste materials heat which is produces by burning them and also from the chemicals in the chemical industries. The software and hardware behind the company production are: The hardware is an inverter which is specially designed to convert the waste water which when mixed with the chemical ammonia, it generates the AC current. The software part of the company is a monitoring system whose function is to track the performance and efficiency of the inverter and other machines continuously. Therefore the inverter and the software control tools used by the enterprise have made itself one of the successful companies of the Australia, and with such reputation, it is a huge challenge for the company to protect its data from misuse. According to the case study, one of the other r easons for the success of the company is its enterprise system (ES) known as the enter AKC. The enter AKC software has enabled a stable and uninterrupted revenue model for the company. All the company transactional and the accounting records are held by the software enter AKC. Though all the records are kept by the software, it is still placing a significant burden on the administrative department of the system. The company which has developed the enterprise software for the company has been closed down. As the result the software is unable to update. It is now facing a huge challenge to adapt the customer need the company has developed which has lead to the workarounds, patches and extensions to keep using the software. The other asset of the company is the AKC Data Warehouse. The company in their initial days avoided the original customer data management and built its data warehouse which has served as the platform for the new services. The company has researched for over five yea rs in the field of domestic battery storage for the alternate energy which it has successfully launched in the year of 2016 in the name of the power AC which uses the application of the lithium battery technology, an another asset of the company. The company is unable to run its enterprise system as the result it is depending on the cloud technology especially the SaaS to support the human resource section of the enterprise. For the cloud purpose, the company is relying on the enterprise called workday a US based SaaS provider. The company is highly concerned about its data therefore for the role data backup, it has enrolled a small company in norwa which has taken the responsibility to provide the data backup service for the company. Analyzing System Threats Analyzing the assets of the company following threats can be imposed on the company using the technology Firstly the company is depending on the wastes of the chemical industries and the plastic materials to produce the electricity (Bi Da and Wang 2014). These wastes can be radioactive so it can be a threat for the company and the worker can get affected by these radioactive elements and can get the deadly disease like skin cancer. Therefore, the employees should work with great care to avoid any such diseases. Secondly according to the case study the company is successful in its field therefore its data are on high demand. It has been using the older enterprises system which cannot be updated as the company which has made that software has been closed down therefore another threat to the company is that if the company do not use a proper enterprise system its data can be hacked (Han et al. 2012) Thirdly the company has to comply with the relevant Australian standards in its all product and simultaneously keeping up with the innovation to remain at the top in the market so it is a possible threat that the company product may not match the possible standards for taking up the innovation. Fourthly the company is moving towards the cloud based application thus it is possible threat that the company data may be hacked if the cloud company do not have a strong firewall. According to the case study, the enterprise system of the company has been the problem of the company as the company who was making the software has been closed down. Now the company is looking for another option like cloud, VPN or data warehouse for its business purpose. The Rapid development in the company implies that there will be a detailed documentation the changes made in the system is dependent on the dedicated Database to keep the system operating. Enter AKC is slowly becoming a burden for its business transaction. The Accounts reconciliation officer who is responsible for the banking transaction has been exporting and converting data of the company on a regular basis, in the CSV format. To reconcile accounts and other transactions on its desktop but the busy schedule of the employee has demanded the employee to work from home on the laptop which is not possible. Moreover, it is also not possible to share the customer transaction records between entering AKC software and the data centre in real?time. Lastly, the main vulnerability is the cloud computing is the data breaching. The news of the data breaching has increased significantly around the world the data would be more vulnerable to the beach in the cloud applications. References Bi, Z., Da Xu, L. and Wang, C., 2014. Internet of things for enterprise systems of modern manufacturing.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(2), pp.1537-1546. Han, R., Guo, L., Ghanem, M.M. and Guo, Y., 2012, May. Lightweight resource scaling for cloud applications. InCluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 2012 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on(pp. 644-651). IEEE. He, W. and Da Xu, L., 2014. Integration of distributed enterprise applications: A survey.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,10(1), pp.35-42. McDermott, C.M. and Prajogo, D.I., 2012. Service innovation and performance in SMEs.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(2), pp.216-237. Zannetti, P. ed., 2013.Air pollution modeling: theories, computational methods and available software. Springer Science Business Media. Zissis, D. and Lekkas, D., 2012. Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), pp.583-592.

The nature, incidence and ethical issues of creative accounting free essay sample

Creative accounting is also called â€Å"Earnings management† which is known as the manipulation of financial information. The term can be defined in many ways. Initially we define it as a process whereby accountants use their knowledge of accounting rules to manipulate the figures reported in the accounts of a business (Naser, 1993, p.59). Creative accounting, at root, is the origin of numerous accounting frauds. Many accounting scandal cases (like the scandals in Enron, WorldCom, and other firms) in the past few years had happened with the result of collapse. Most of these scandals were conducted by the senior management of organisations and many victims include the employees, shareholders as well as the society had been suffered from these fraudulent cases. Therefore, it draws our attention to why and how a company may use the creative accounting to commit its so-called â€Å"window dressing† (Ghosh, 2010, p.2). This research will explore the nature, incidence and techniques of creative accounting as well as how it works. We will write a custom essay sample on The nature, incidence and ethical issues of creative accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This research will first review the previous literatures to find out the certain definitions of creative accounting by various authors. Then it will look into what motivate people to commit creative accounting and techniques applied to commit creative accounting. The next is looking into the measures and responsibilities of detecting and combat creative accounting. In the rest we will discuss the key findings, recommendations and conclusion of this research. 1.2 Literature Review There are various views of the definition of creative accounting by different scholars. Copeland (1968) defines it ‘Involves the repetitive selection of accounting measurement or reporting rules in a particular pattern, the effect of which is to report a stream of income with a smaller variation from trend than would otherwise have appeared. Griffiths (1986:1) presents his point of view that: â€Å"Every company in the country is fiddling its profits. Every set of published accounts is based on books which have been gently cooked or completely roasted. The figures which are fed twice a year to the investing public have all been changed in order to protect the guilty. It is the biggest con trick since the Trojan horse. . . In fact this deception is all in perfectly good taste. It is totally legitimate. It is creative accounting.† Naser (1993, p. 59) defines creative accounting as â€Å"the transformation of financial accounting figures from what they actually are to what preparers desire by taking advantage of the existing rules and/or ignoring some or all of them†. It is the procedures of playing the financial numbers by skilfully applying the accounting standards and the selection of measurement and disclosure choices to achieve the financial performance which a company expected. Klein (2002) illustrates ‘Whereby the true financial performance of a company is distorted by managers for private gains. The above series of definition presented by various authors who although from different decades, their basic perspective towards creative accounting reach consensus. They agree that the primary concept of creative accounting is ‘a process whereby accountants use their knowledge of accounting rules to manipulate the figures reported in the accounts of a business. 1.3 Motivations of Creative Accounting Numerous scholars have researched on the issue of what motivate the behaviour of creative accounting towards the management. Mulford and Comiskey (2002) identified various positive effects the managers would receive from manipulating figures. They show that â€Å"the rewards may be any of the following: lower corporate borrowing costs as a result of an improved credit rating, favourable effect on share prices, political gains, and/or incentive compensation plans involving stock option or profit-sharing for top management and key employees which are tied to income measurement†. Shafren (2009) analysed internal and external of Satyam. He illustrates that shareholders are more aware of the financial reports of this company because financial reports present how well the company operates and its performance in the market. Therefore, managers or directors mean to depict good performance and position by manipulating figures hence in such way the stakeholders will be shown positive indicators from the financial statements. By this way, investors will more likely to be attracted and given confidence with this superb financial report. This can be achieved by modifying the figures in the statements using the tricks of creative accounting. In addition, how many bonuses directors will receive in a year may base on the percentage of the profit reported (Shafren, 2009). For this reason of their private interest, directors may manipulate financial figures to meet their desire. Lttner, Larcker and Rajan (1997) have the same perspective. They illustrate that when the directors or managers private interest (such as stock options and bonuses) is rely on the performance of the company, they are more likely to use creative accounting to manipulate the figures in order to achieve their favourable results. Another motivation of creative accounting is the positive effect that the income smoothing brings to the valuation of security and reduces the risk for the analyst. â€Å"Where management observes a gap between analysts’ expectation and the actual performance of the company and when major capital market transactions are being expected† (Amat, Blake Dowds, 1999, p. 7). Therefore, directors or managers manipulate financial figures to match with the figures they expected. Fox (1997) researched the company of Microsoft to look into how their accounting rules are designed to tie in the actual profits to forecasted profits. He identified that a considerable high proportion of the firm’s profit made by selling products was deferred to the following years with the aim to cover the potential upgrades and other costs. Amat, Blake and Dowds (1999) suggest another motivation of creative accounting is related to the share price of a company. They illustrate â€Å"companies raise capital from new share issues, offer their own shares in takeover bids, and resist takeover by other companies†. Therefore, directors or managers try to lessen borrowing and create the performance of a positive earnings trend in such way to maintain or boost the share price of the company. Where the managers participate in conducting shares of their firm, creative accounting may be used to postpone releasing the information for market. Hence, in such way, it would enhance the managers’ opportunities to obtain benefits from their inside information. Dharan and Lev (1993) have noticed that companies are likely to use creative accounting when their share prices start to drop comparing to the share prices which they have reported previously. This is for the reason of huge stress produced by the various obligations as well as constraints depended on the value stated in the reports. Hepworth (1953) reported in his work the existence of tax levies on the basis of income and confidence by the stakeholders and employees in management is also an important reason of using creative accounting. Directors or managers my apply the creative accounting to help lessen the pressure of tax levies in such way to pay lower possible taxes of income as long as the involving cost provided is not more than the income tax benefit (Beatty and Harris, 2001). Niskanen and Keloharju (2000) have researched on the companies in Europe, they identify that the organisation tax would be the motivation for managers in the companies to use creative accounting. The above motivations identified are some of the common reasons for creative accounting. In general, the main reasons for using creative accounting are because of the gaps between the actual performance of companies and their internal targets and stakeholders’ expectations, desire of tax benefits and providing income smoothing. Thereby, stakeholders should be more aware of these areas. 4.4 Techniques of creative accounting

How to Understand Shakespeares Words

How to Understand Shakespeares Words For many, language is the biggest barrier to understanding Shakespeare. Perfectly competent performers can be paralyzed with fear when they see bizarre words like â€Å"Methinks† and â€Å"Peradventure† – something we call Shakespearaphobia. As a way of trying to counter this natural anxiety, we often begin by telling new students or performers that speaking Shakespeare aloud isn’t like learning a new language –it’s more like listening to a strong accent and your ear soon adjusts to the new dialect. Very soon you are able to understand most of what is said. Even if you are confused about some words and phrases, you should still be able to pick up meaning from the context and the visual signals you receive from the speaker. Watch how quickly children pick up accents and new language when on holiday. This is evidence of how adaptable we are to new ways of speaking. The same is true of Shakespeare and the best antidote for Shakespearaphobia is to sit back, relax and listen to the text spoken and performed. Modern Translations at a Glance Here are modern translations of the top 10 most common Shakespearian words and phrases. Thee, Thou, Thy and Thine (You and Your) It’s a common myth that Shakespeare never uses the words â€Å"you† and â€Å"your† – actually, these words are commonplace in his plays. However, he also uses the words â€Å"thee / thou† instead of â€Å"you† and the word â€Å"thy / thine† instead of â€Å"your†. Sometimes he uses both â€Å"you† and â€Å"thy† in the same speech. This is simply because in Tudor England the older generation said â€Å"thee† and â€Å"thy† to denote a status or reverence for authority. Therefore when addressing a king the older â€Å"thou† and â€Å"thy† would be used, leaving the newer â€Å"you† and â€Å"your† for more informal occasions. Soon after Shakespeare’s lifetime, the older form passed away!Art (Are) The same is true of â€Å"art†, meaning â€Å"are†. So a sentence beginning â€Å"thou art† simply means †Å"You are†.Ay (Yes) â€Å"Ay† simply means â€Å"yes†. So, â€Å"Ay, My Lady† simply means â€Å"Yes, My Lady.†Would (Wish) Although the word â€Å"wish† does appear in Shakespeare, like when Romeo says â€Å"I wish I were a cheek upon that hand,† we often find â€Å"would† used instead. For example, â€Å"I would I were †¦Ã¢â‚¬  means â€Å"I wish I were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Give Me Leave To (Allow Me To) â€Å"To give me leave to†, simply means â€Å"To allow me to†.Alas (Unfortunately) â€Å"Alas† is a very common word that isn’t used today. It simply means â€Å"unfortunately†, but in modern English, there isn’t an exact equivalent.Adieu (Goodbye) â€Å"Adieu† simply means â€Å"Goodbye†.Sirrah (Sir) â€Å"Sirrah† means â€Å"Sir† or â€Å"Mister†.-eth Sometimes the endings of Shakespearian words sound alien even though the root of the word is familiar. For example â€Å"speaketh† simply means â€Å"speak† and â€Å"sayeth† means â€Å"say†.Don’t, Do and Did A key absence from Shakespearian English is â€Å"don’t†. This word simply wasn’t around then. So, if you said â€Å"don’t be afraid† to a friend in Tudor England, you would have said, â€Å"be not afeard.† Where today we would say â€Å"donâ₠¬â„¢t hurt me,† Shakespeare would have said, â€Å"hurt me not.† The words â€Å"do† and â€Å"did† were also uncommon, so rather than saying â€Å"what did he look like?† Shakespeare would have said, â€Å"what looked he like?† And instead of â€Å"did she stay long?† Shakespeare would have said, â€Å"stayed she long?† This difference accounts for the unfamiliar word order in some Shakespearian sentences. I think it is important to note that when Shakespeare was alive, language was in a state of flux and many modern words were being integrated into the language for the first time. Shakespeare himself coined many new words and phrases. Shakespeare’s language is, therefore, a mixture of the old and the new.

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Article review - Essay Example The basic three aspects English language includes the functions, forms and Fluency. The functions aspect of language refers to the application of language for specific purposes or specific environments. It may be either in discussion, social circles or even in description of situations. Forms refer to the articulation of words, sentences and all grammatical tools used in communication. On the other hand, the fluency of language refers to the ability of the English language learners to effectively apply the grammar tools and their vocabulary in the communication process. The new learning here is that a successful teacher of English language should combine all three aspects of the language. The teacher plays a central role in the teaching of the English language in a school environment. The teacher needs to apply an architectural approach to develop the language proficiency in the learners. Just like an architect builds through a step by step approach, the learners should acquire language skills in a similar fashion. As the students go higher in their process of education, their language should grow progressively. Consequently, the learner’s language use will be optimal at their highest level of education. In this view, the teacher should design a teaching model that progressively builds the language of the

Business Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Finance - Assignment Example The HSBC Bank is earnest in the provision of finance to individuals, small, medium sized and large companies to facilitate both formation and growth. The bank is the intent on guiding institutions on ways of improving themselves so that they are more likely to acquire finance whenever necessary; HSBC finances business endeavors aimed at enhancing the business’ ambitions both in the country and overseas. Moreover, the bank believes in cooperation between itself and the client by providing guidance on ways of presenting strong applications for finance in order to improve the clients’ business. The bank has a number of finance products, which target various entities; the small business loan, for instance, is ideal for funding long term business projects and programs. This business loan encompasses loans ranging from 1,000 – 25,000 pounds; thus, it is well within our reach and is repayable in between one year to ten years. HSBC charges a fixed rate of interest for th e duration of the loan, therefore, no terms on reducing balance are offered under this loan type. We have an option to pay or defer the first monthly repayment for up to three months once the loan has been disbursed. Such deferral is non the less considered as part of the loan repayment duration, and interest is charged for every deferred month. In order for clients to track repayments and account for the outstanding balance, the bank has incorporated the Business Internet Banking portal on its website where all interested clients receive a unique user name and password to enable them access their accounts portfolios. We note that HSBC’s charges and rates provide additional avenues for spending money. For instance, all loan applications are subjected to a 100 pound arrangement fee. This covers processing fees and all paperwork. Once disbursal is done, and payment is in default, the bank charges an additional fee for the default. However, the bank allows for overdrafts on loan s, essentially, this is additional funding on an already existing loan. In order to process such an overdraft, the bank charges an additional fee, and the interest is compounded for both the loan and the overdraft; these fees and charges are deducted from the client’s current account which is a mandatory requirement for all loan applicants. The bank rewards early loan settlement by awarding rebates according to the Consumer Credit (Early Settlement) Regulations 2004 (HSBC. 2011, p.14-17). The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), on the other hand, offers different loan packages based on the amount borrowable and the total repayment period. For instance, the bank offers both business and corporate banking modules; under corporate banking, businesses can only borrow from 26,000 pounds. The business banking module is thus better suited to our requirements as it offers facilities to individuals and small companies. Under business banking, RBS offers small business loans and fixed rate b usiness loans. These loans entail borrowing of up to 25,000 pounds and limits of 25,001-250,000 respectively. The small business loan is hence our best option in RBS. Under this type of finance, the bank may require security in the form of either a vehicle or other assets if it feels your repayment potential is questionable. The bank is quite a versatile option as it does not require payment of any arrangement or security fees. However, much like HSBC, RBS’

Dead Mens Path Theme Analysis Literature Essay

Dead Mens Path Theme Analysis Literature Essay Dead Mens Path is a short story written in 1972 by African Author Chinua Achebe. It is about Michael Obi, a young and energetic man excited about all things modern who is just assigned a position to run a traditional school. Not long into the job, he finds that along with his misguided zeal, ignoring the traditions of his people can have great consequences. Obi is a bright and enthusiastic young man who is excited to find out that he will be the new headmaster of a school that has been in desperate need of help for some time. Obi was considered a pivotal teacher and he and his wife are both forward thinking and eager to share the modern life with everyone. Chinua Achebe shows the Obis modern enthusiasm by writing: We shall do our best, she Obis wife) replied. We shall have such beautiful gardens and everything will be just modern and delightful He also shows Obis views of the traditionalist people by attacking their character referring to them as, these old and superannuated people in the teaching field. Of his two goals for the school, one was to make the grounds a place of beauty. An upcoming inspection was the perfect motivation to begin what he thought to be great improvements. In time the gardens blossomed with beautiful red and yellow flowers. As Obi is admiring his work, he comes across an old woman from the village who walks str aight across the flowers onto what Obe discovers to be an old faint almost unused path. Obi speaks to a teacher and finds out exactly what the path was used for. It amazes me, said Obi to one of the teachers who had been three years in the school, that you people allowed the villagers to make use of this footpath. It is simply incredible. He shook his head. The path, the teacher said apologetically, appears to be very important to them. Although it is hardly used, it connects the village shrine with their place of burial. Obi didnt care about the reason and for fear that the coming inspector may see people on school grounds who didnt belong, demanded that the footpath be closed off immediately regardless of warnings from the teacher. The path was then blocked with heavy logs and reinforced with barbed wire. A priest was sent by the outraged villagers to try and talk some sense into Obi, pressing upon him the significance that the path has not to just the villagers, but also the dead who walk the path.Look here my son, this path was here before you were born and before your father was born. The whole life of the village depends on it. Our dead relatives depart by it and our ancestors visit us by it. But most important, it is the path of children coming in to be born. Obi rejected the priests words and in mocking replied to him Dead men dont walk. he dismissed his ancestry and instead chose the modern way. The path remained blocked and a few days later a village woman died in childbirth. The villagers took that as a sign that if the path remains blocked they would suffer great misfortune. Believing that the mother would be unable to rest in peace and the child unable to walk the path and enter the world, the villagers became agitated and tore down a school building as well as everything used to block the path and the flowers planted to impress the inspector. When the inspector finally arrived, he was presented with grounds that were completely destroyed along w ith a headmaster who thought only about himself and erasing the past to become modern. In the story, with the descriptions of the pretentious headmaster and his lack of respect for the elders and their traditions the narrator clearly has taken sides with the villagers. Chinua Achebe writes, The whole purpose of our school is to eradicate such beliefs as that. Dead men do not require footpaths. The whole idea is just fantastic. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas. The main point in question in the story is in reference to the villagers beliefs and customs and the importance it held in their lives. Obi was wrong in his thinking and in his methods, believing that he can just cut the people off from what in our time would be considered a funeral. When it comes to the destruction and rejection of something that was and is important to people such as traditions no matter how old the customs may be, nobody has the right to negate a persons background and nobody has the ability to remove a persons belief and substitute it with their own. An unfamiliar cul tures belief may seem fanciful but to those who believe it, it is as much a vital part of their lives as technology is in ours. The heart of a persons belief is in having faith although what you believe can never be proven. What happens in death is a perfect example of this. Nobody alive can know what happens after death so we are left with our imaginations to hope that our loved ones are in a better place rather than in the ground or left as ashes. People need that faith to carry on because at times the thought of never again seeing those people can be unbearable. Our ancestors traditions and customs are important because the only knowledge we have of things we have no proof on is in the things passed down for generations. Just as the story explained, the villagers were so strong in their beliefs of the path that when it became blocked they attacked the school and everything that was blocking the sacred path: The beautiful hedges were torn up not just near the path but right around the schoolflowers trampledone of the school buildings torn down The importance of a persons culture is more than just the faith of a single person, it connects a group of people who believe alike and allows them to work together with the same end results. As stated in Achebes Dead Mens Path, contemporary community shouldnt do as Obi and try to eradicate the core of a peoples beliefs which, with his mocking reply to the priest is just what he tried to do. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas. It is important to remember and to honor traditions. Many people fight to keep their traditions alive, whether its an old woman making her 80th annual pilgrimage to a Mexican cemetery to light a candle at Dona Candelaria de Sapiens grave or Native American tribe members dressed in full ceremonial clothing dancing to celebrate the coming rain. In Achebes story, the people fought to keep the path free so that those who pass on can rest in peace and the traditions of the vill agers can carry on for generations to come, far beyond the lives of the priests, villagers and Obi.

Women’s New Role Essay -- Essays Papers

Women’s New Role In coming to understand what it meant to be a girl I was affected by my era, women’s sports, and the place that I was raised, as much as the independent feminist spirit that my mom was exposed to and possessed. My mother’s mom raised her to believe and accept the traditional female role. My grandmother put emphasis on the women staying home and existing solely as a support system for the man. She found comfort and security knowing that it was the man’s burden to â€Å"bring home the bacon.† My mother, however; was influenced by the time and took it upon herself to take care of herself and make her own money. At a young age she along with many other women of her time wanted to rebel against the expected role and thus have a more fulfilling life. Family and children were an important priority for her but she felt strongly that she could do more. Her parents had a wonderful and loving relationship but her father had three massive heart attacks at age 42 a nd was not suppose to live a year. My mother was one of the oldest of eight children and was well aware of her mother’s very frightening predicament. This aforementioned life experience and her inherent desire to educate herself made her believe that women could do more. My mother did want to marry but wanted to be in the marriage because she wanted to not because she had to stay in an unpleasant situation. She wanted to make it on her own. She did not want a man to control her and most of all to tell her what to do. Her competitive drive for success in the business world was luckily passed on to me and gave me the confidence and perseverance that I need to get through life. My mother taught me that I was a woman, so things may be harder and that I must never e... ...s influential as my role models on the women’s US national team. They all gave me the courage and confidence in myself as a woman. Today I am happy to see that women are coming together and trying to inspire each other to take on the world. By simply typing in â€Å"Women Role model† in goggle I found several sites for women engineers, doctors, and writers trying to make something out of their lives. I was happy to see that someday when my daughter is trying to pursue her dream that she will have options because of the risks these women took. And I will be proud to be able to say that I was one of those women. Work Cited Dorance, Anson. Telephone interview. 29 May 2003. Gonzales, Monica. Personal interview. 30 May 2003. Hamm, Mia. Go for the Goal. HaperCollings. NY 1999. Lilly, Kristine. Personal interview. 30 May 2003. UNCtarheel.com.May 31 2003.

Research Process and Terminology Paper Essay

The aim of this paper is to address the linkage between foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and the number of natural disasters. By using the data of 94 countries in the period of 1984 to 2004 and applying a variety of empirical tests, the result appears that natural hazards have significantly negative effects on FDI of countries. A. Economic Effects of Natural Disasters and The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Economic Effects of Natural Disasters There are three patterns that concern with the economic effects of natural hazard. The first two strands concentrates on the primary or short-term effects and long-term effects of hazards on economy. While the short-term effect strand achieves abundant evidences of negative disasters’ impacts on GDP, the long-term effect strand cannot reach a clear conclusion. The third strand focuses on the capacity to mitigate the destructive effects of natural risks. A brief conclusion is that the negative impacts of risks can be diminished by country’s institutions. Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment There are three types of foreign direct investment, namely: (1) Operating new (2) Moving an existing (3) Moving a part of existing The first type is considered as location decision and categorized in pull factor, the latter two types are relocation decision and belong to push factor. Following this logic, propositional pull factors to put in models are the level of openness and the size of the economy. Obviously, the push  factor in models is natural risks. Other determinants which are mainly focused are institutions, such as government infrastructure, political freedom, corruption, etc. B. Data and Methods The data for analyzing impacts of natural disasters on FDI flows are taken from the EMDAT, which provides by the institution Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and World Bank. Some observations were dropped because of missing data, the data which is used in this research contains an unbalance panel with 1,822 country-year observations from 94 countries (29 in Africa, 17 in Asia, 22 in Europe and 26 in Americas) in the period 1984-2004. Table 2 presents descriptions of dependent and independent variables. (TABLE 2) At this point, it is important to look again at two primary variables which devoted to results of empirical tests. The first key variable is FDI, which is measured by the total net inflows of foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP. FDI is the dependent variable in all models. The second key variable relates to natural hazards. Since both recent and longerterm risks have its impacts on investors, the authors deliver four variables that are concerned with the number of natural risks happening in four time period: Total events in the prior year, total events in the prior 5 years, total events in the prior 10 years, total events in the prior 25 years. Table 3 shows the correlations between FDI/GDP and each of four variables referring to the measures of natural risks. (TABLE 3) It is undoubtedly true that both the counted measure as number of natural hazards and the monetary measure as the estimation of â€Å"dollar value of damages† affect decision makers. While it can be argue that result as the dollar amount of damages may have substantial influence on investors’ decisions, it is obvious that estimating the consequence of natural disasters is complex and not as accurate as â€Å"counts of disasters†. For this  reason, models will mainly focus on counts of disasters. Moreover, the research emphasizes on five types of natural hazards that severely devastate infrastructures, physical capital and labor forces. As such, these five types are earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, landslide and windstorms (include hurricanes). The following two variables which refer to the degree of openness and incentive in trade and investment are Trade and Investment. The former is taken from World Bank’s 2008 World Development Indicators and the latter is provided by Political Risk Services Group, assembled by the IRIS Center at the University of Maryland. Regarding to a country’s reliability for trade and investment, the investment variable is the estimation of three factors: contract viability/risk of exportation, repatriation of profits and delay in payments. These three factors are rank from 0 to 12 and the higher value illustrates the higher risk in investment. The final three variables in the base model are Inflation, Gov. stability and Rule of law. The Inflation variable is the inflation level of each country in a particular year and taken from 2008 World Development Indicators. The other two variables are collected from the International Country Risk Guide, with reflecting the level of stability of government and adhesion to the rule of law. The higher value implies the better environment for investors. Those variables contribute to the base model as this form: FDIit = ÃŽ ±0 + ÃŽ ±1Total events in the prior # yearsit + ÃŽ ±2GDP per capitait + ÃŽ ±3GDP growthit + ÃŽ ±4Tradeit + ÃŽ ±5Investmentit + ÃŽ ±6Inflation + ÃŽ ±7Gov. stabilityit + ÃŽ ±8Rule of lawit + ÃŽ ³i + ÃŽ ³t + ÃŽ µit This research also employs ÃŽ ³i as country fixed effects over time and ÃŽ ³t as year fixed effects for all countries. C. Results and Their Implications The below table indicates the linkage between foreign direct investment and natural disasters by applying the base model. It can be seen from Table 4 that all four natural hazard variables have significantly negative effects on FDI in each of models. Moreover, there is a decline trend in coefficients of disaster variables when measuring in Total events in the prior 1 year to Total events in the prior 25 years, which suggests that relatively recent risks have more significant influence than long term risks on investors’ decisions. The next two variables, which are GDP per capita and GDP growth, are positive as expected and significant. However, although both Trade and Investment variables have positive effects on FDI, only Trade is significant. The Inflation variable is negative and significant in all four models. Only Gov. stability variable has unexpected side and both Gov. stability and Rule of law are not significant in all models. The authors also employ the empirical tests to find out different effects of five particular types of disasters. The result is presented in Table 5. The outcome demonstrates that all other non-disaster variables have the same reaction and all damage variables are negative in side. However, Windstorms is significant in all three cases, Volcanoes is significant in two cases while Landslides, Earthquake and Floods are significant in only one case. Hence, there is evidence to support the view that each type of hazards has its effects on FDI, the clearest evidence is found on Windstorms. Regardless the inaccurate in estimation of dollar value of damages, the research generates the final test by using the base model with â€Å"dollar value of damages† in place of â€Å"counts of disasters†. The result is displayed in Table 6. Similarly with the above case, all non-disaster variables have the same result as the base model case. Though disaster variables are negative and significant in all case, they do not decline from recent to older events. A draw conclusion may be policy makers equally focus on relative recent and longer-term risks or maybe there is error in data. D. Conclusion To sum up briefly, there are four important conclusions. First and foremost, natural disasters have significant and negative effect on foreign direct  investment. Second, there are some evidences to support the view that decisions of foreign investors are deeper affected by relative recent events in comparing to longer-term events. Third, different types of natural hazards are considered to have different impacts on foreign direct investment, the most severe impact is found on windstorms. Finally, regardless the intricacy and inaccuracy in monetary measuring the value of damages, the model which focuses on dollar value of damages also addresses the same result with the base model: natural disasters discourage foreign direct investment.

Role Of Options Futures Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1904 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Basel Committee that was formed in 1974 laid the regulatory framework for Financial Risk Management. (McNeil, A.J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. 2005). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Options Futures Example For Free" essay for you Create order Basel II (2001) defines Financial Risk Management to be formed of 4 steps: identification of risks into market, credit, operational and other risks, assessment of risks using data and risk model, monitoring and reporting of risk assessments on a timely basis and controlling these identified risks by senior management.(Alexander, C. 2005). It determines the probability of a negative event taking place and its effects on the entity. Once identified risk can be treated in following manners: Eliminated altogether by simple business practices. These are the risks that are detrimental to the business entity. Transferred to other participants. Actively managed at firm level. Market Risk constitutes of commodity risk, interest risk and currency risks. Commodity price risk includes the potential change in the price of a commodity. The rising or falling commodity prices affect the producers, traders and the end-users of the various commodities. Moreover if they are traded in foreig n currency, there arises the risk of currency exchange rate. These are normally hedged by offering forward or future contracts at fixed rates. This is especially important for commodities like oil, natural gas, gold, electricity etc whose prices are highly volatile in nature. However the hedging doesnt always ensure profits. (Berk, J and Demarzo, P. 2010). Interest Risk relates to change in interest rates of bonds, stocks or loans. A rising rate of interest would effectively reduce the price of a bond. Increased interest rates result in increasing the borrowing costs of the firm and thereby reduce its profitability. It is hedged by swaps or by investing in short term securities. Currency risks arise from the exceedingly volatile exchange rates between the currencies of different countries. For e.g. Airbus, an aircraft manufacturing company based in France requires oil for its production. Oil being traded in US dollars and the company doing trading in Euros, has a foreign excha nge risk. It would be therefore beneficial for Airbus to enter a forward contract with its oil suppliers. Options are another way of hedging against currency risks. They facilitate the holder to exchange currency at a fixed pre-determined exchange rate. If the option rate is higher than the exchange rate, the company will not exercise the option. However if the rate increases the company would benefit by exercising the option. (Berk, J and Demarzo, P. 2010). The above risks basically depend on the time value of assets. Moreover with the increased level of multinational functioning of business entities and the highly volatile nature of markets, risk management has now become a mandatory part of running the business. It therefore becomes important to analyze the various methods of assessing risks, measuring them and the preventive measures implemented against them. Also the hedging techniques stated above do not always ensure profits. The research would thereby include a detail stu dy of the effectiveness of the methods implemented. It would also study the hazards of the failures of the implemented methods. Market risks are measured by Value at Risk (VaR) model. This model is used extensively to measure market risks. It aggregates the portfolio market risks in a single number. However authors McNeil, Frey and Embrechts (2005) have debated over the model stating that it doesnt take into account the costs of liquidation. It takes into account historical data and a series of assumptions. Therefore its ability to measure future risks is highly disputable. The research would thereby include the study of VaR and other relative models used to measure market risks. Literature Review: Forward contracts, Futures and Options are called the Financial Derivatives and are used largely to reduce market risks. Walsh David (1995) explains that if two securities have same payoffs in future, they must have same price today. Thus the value of a derivative moves in the same way as that of underlying asset. This is called arbitrage. Hedging of risks is nothing but the holder of an asset has two positions in opposite directions. One is of the derivative and other of the under-lying asset respectively. As such if the value if the asset decreases then value of the derivative will also decrease. But the change in value is off-set by the opposite positions to each other. Thus risk is reduced. This is called hedging. Long Hedge refers when an investor anticipates increase in market price and therefore buys future contracts. Short Hedge is when an investor already has a futures contract and expects the value of asset to fall and therefore sells it beforehand. (Dubofsky, D and Miller, T. Jr. 2003). Long Hedge Short Hedge Fig.1 Hedging (Dubofsky, D and Miller, T. Jr. 2003). Forward Contracts- These involve buying or selling specific asset at a specific price at a specified time. They are Over the Counter (OTC) Derivatives. These are used for locking-in the price and require no cash transfer in the beginning, thereby involve credit risks. They are typically used to hedge the exchange rate risks. (Claessens, S. 1993). Futures- These are more standardized than the Forward contracts. They are traded at Foreign Exchanges. The standardized contract specifying the asset, price and delivery time is either bought or sold through broker. The delivery price depends on market and determined by the exchange. Initial margin amount is required and profit-loss calculations are done daily. Hence involve margin calls. Credit risk involved is minimum but these cannot be tailored to individual demands. (Claessens, S. 1993). These exist typically for commodities, interest rate risks, currencies etc. (Walsh, D., 1995). Fig.2: Hedging through Futures. (Walsh, D. 1995). Options- The holder can buy from or sell to, the asset at a strike rate at a future maturity date. However the holder of the option has no moral obligation to do so. The cost of buying the option involves a premium which is to be paid up front. The option that enables the holder to buy an asset is called Call option while in Put option the holder is able to sell the asset. (Claessens, S. 1993). These can be bought Over the Counter (OTC) at a bank or can be exchange traded options. Walsh David (1995) further explains that options have a non-linear relation with payoff. Its payoff increases with the price of the asset if it is in-the-money and has a constant payoff which is the option premium if it is out-of-the-money. While futures and forward contracts have a linear relation with the payoffs in both, profit as well as loss. Therefore options might be preferred over futu res and forwards for hedging. The research would include the detailed characteristics, similarities and differences in futures, forward contracts and options, along with the concept of delta hedging in which perfect hedging is created by use of options. Data and Methodology: The Research would be Qualitative in nature, based on the primary data available though online journals and books. The popularity of the derivatives and their exponential growth has favoured the availability of many articles on this topic and would thereby form the basis of research. It might include interviews of professionals having extensive research or expertise in this area. REFERENCES Alexander, C. (2005). The Present and Future of Financial Risk Management, Journal of Financial Econometrics, 3 (1), pp. 3-25. JSTOR (Online). Available at https://jfec.oxfordjournals.org/ (accessed: 8 March, 2011). Berk, J. and Demarzo, P. (2010) Corporate Finance. 2ndedition. Global edition: Pearson. Claessens, S (1993) World Bank Technical Paper no 235.Washington DC: The World Bank. Dubofsky, D and Miller, T. Jr. (2003) Derivatives: Valuation and Risk Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2005) Quantitative Risk Management. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. Walsh, David.ÂÂ   (1995). Risk management using derivative securities.ÂÂ  Managerial Finance,ÂÂ  21(1),ÂÂ  pp. 43. ABI/INFORM Global (Online).ÂÂ  Available at https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415c lientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060did=4708471HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060SrchMode=2HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060sid=3HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309 VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060Fmt=6HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060VInst=PRODHYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060VType=PQDHYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060RQT=309HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt =6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060VName=PQDHYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060TS=1301258415HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060HYPERLINK https://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=6did=4708471SrchMode=2sid=3Fmt=6VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1301258415clientId=18060clientId=18060 (accessed: March 27, 2011).